Kuva havuka imodoka yambere nyayo, hashize imyaka irenga 130.Hamwe niterambere rihoraho niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryimodoka nibikorwa, igishushanyo mbonera cyimodoka no gukoresha ibikoresho nabyo bihora bihinduka kandi bikazamurwa.Niba imiterere ari ishusho nimiterere yimodoka, imbere yerekana imiterere nibisobanuro byimodoka.None, iterambere ryimodoka kugeza ubu, ni izihe mpinduka zabaye mubikoresho by'imbere, kandi ni ibihe bikoresho bishya byakoreshejwe mumodoka?
Uruhu rwa Nappa
Mubyiciro byambere byiterambere ryimodoka, urwego rwinganda rwari ruto, kandi ibikoresho bitandukanye byubukorikori byari bike cyane.Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bisanzwe byakoreshejwe bwa mbere mumodoka, kimwe muricyo cyari uruhu rusanzwe.Mu minsi ya mbere, inyana yo hejuru, cyangwa uruhu rwa Nappa nkuko bizwi muri iki gihe, yakoreshwaga cyane mu ntebe z’imodoka.Igice cyo hejuru cyinka nacyo kizwi nkibikoresho byiza kandi byiza byo gushushanya.Iterambere ry’inganda, ikwirakwizwa ry’ibikoresho by’ubukorikori no kugabanuka kw’inyana zororerwa ku biribwa byatumye imodoka zo mu rwego rwo hasi zitwara uruhu ruhebuje ruhenze kandi zikoresha uruhu ruhendutse cyangwa imyenda aho kuba.
Igiti gikomeye
Ibikoresho bikomeye bikoreshwa kandi mumodoka yo hambere imbere kimwe mubikoresho nyamukuru byo gushushanya.Ariko, bitandukanye no gukoresha uruhu rwa Nappa, ibiti bikomeye bifite ibara ryacyo ryiza, imiterere yintete yakoreshejwe mubikoresho byabigenewe, urugi rwimbere rwimbere hamwe na moteri yimodoka hamwe nindi myanya, gukusanya umubiri wibyuma bikonje bifite imbaraga nuburyo bwimiterere yikirere .Mubiti bikoreshwa cyane mumodoka, walnut, ibiti byinkoko yumukara winkoko, mahogany nibindi biti byagaciro kubera bidasanzwe kandi byiza, akenshi bitwarwa mumodoka yo murwego rwohejuru.
Plastike, gushushanya (PU, PVC, ABS, PP)
Ibikoresho bya plastiki nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mubinyabiziga muri iki gihe, hafi imodoka zose zishobora kubona ishusho ya plastike.Ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bisanzwe bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bine:polyurethane yoroshye (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile / butadiene / styreneterpolymer (ABS), polypropilene (PP).Ukurikije imiterere ya molekulire hamwe nubushyuhe bwa resin, plastike nayo igabanyijemo thermoplastique na plastike ya termosetting.Ibyinshi muri plastiki zikoreshwa mumbere yimodoka ni thermoplastique.Muri byo, ibikoresho bya emam bikunze gukoreshwa mubikoresho byabikoresho ni ubwoko bwa plastiki, bizwi kandi ko ari ubwoko bwa cima ciment, bukoresha ibikoresho bya PVC na ABS, hanyuma bigatera inshinge zimwe za PU kugirango zongere imbaraga.Urugi rwimodoka imbere isahani ikozwe muri ABS cyangwa yahinduwe ibikoresho bya PP.Ikizunguruka muri rusange gikozwe muri plastiki ya PU ifata igice kinini, mugihe ibizunguruka bitwikiriye ibikoresho bisigara nka PP, PU, PVC, ABS nibindi.
Icyuma (Chromium)
Imbere yimodoka, icyuma nacyo ni ikintu cyingirakamaro, umubare munini wicyitegererezo gikoreshwa mugushushanya imodoka hamwe na chrome trim trim hamwe na chrome yicyuma ya trim.Imitako yicyuma kugirango ukoreshe gusa ubanza, imodoka ninziza, hamwe numubare wiyongereye wo gukoresha, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza, ibyiza bya coefficient ntoya yo guterana buhoro buhoro byagaragaye, mugihe kimwe, imitako ya chromium irashobora kugumana igihe kirekire, ni ntabwo byoroshye kwambara no kwangirika, niyo mpamvu guswera inshuro nyinshi gukurura amaboko y'urugi rw'umuryango hamwe na chrome plaque.
Umwenda wa Nylon
Nyuma y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, nylon yatangiye kugaragara no gukoreshwa mu gushushanya imodoka hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho.Kuva mu myaka ya za 1950,PVCimyenda isize yakoreshejwe cyane mu myambaro, ibikoresho byo munzu ndetse n'imodoka imbere.Kuberako ibi bikoresho bishobora gutunganyirizwa mumabara atandukanye, kandi birashobora kubumbabumbwa kugirango bigerweho muburyo butandukanye, kubwibyo byari ibintu bisa nkimyambarire yimyenda yimyenda muricyo gihe.
Uruhu
Uruhu rwubukorikori nigicuruzwa cyiterambere ryinganda, mumodoka yimbere yimbere, hamwe nimiterere yumubiri kandi wumva hafi yimpu, kandi mubukungu kandi biramba, akenshi bikoreshwa mugusimbuza uruhu kugirango ukoreshe.Mu ruhu rusanzwe rusanzwe, ukurikije imyenda ya fibre itandukanye ikoreshwa ku bikoresho bitandukanye byo gutwikira, igabanijwemo:Uruhu rwa PVC, Uruhu rwa PU, super fibre PU uruhu, nibindi, kugirango bibe byiza kubidukikije bitandukanye.Muri byo, uruhu rwa PVC, rufite ibyiyumvo bikomeye, guhumurizwa nabi no kurwanya gusaza, rwagiye buhoro buhoro, rusimburwa n’uruhu rwa PU, rufite ibyiyumvo byoroheje kandi biramba.Irakoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe.Muri moderi yo hagati kandi yohejuru, uruhu rwa PU nicyicaro cyimodoka ikunzwe cyane nigitambara cyimbere.Kuberako imiterere yumubiri no kumva byegereye uruhu nyarwo, kandi ni ubukungu kandi burambye, bwakirwa nisoko.
MicrofiberUruhu
Nubwoko bwa suede yigana uruhu, bakunze kwita "flip fur".Mu myaka ya za 70, Toray Corporation yo mu Buyapani yakoresheje 68% polyester na 32% poly (Ethyl carbamate) muguhuza ibikoresho bya fibre, biri mubikoresho byubukorikori.Microfiber suede uruhuakarusho gakomeye ni uko ifite coefficente idasanzwe yo guterana amagambo kandi ni gake cyane skide mugihe cyo gutwara ibinyabiziga biremereye, bigatuma biba byiza kuzenguruka ibizunguruka cyangwa intebe za siporo, ikintu kikaba ari ingenzi cyane mumodoka ikora cyane.Muri icyo gihe, umwenda woroshye cyane kuruta uruhu, bigabanya cyane ubwiza bwimodoka.
Fibre ya karubone
Ibikoresho bya mbere bya karubone bikoreshwa mumodoka imbere ni uguteza imbere imyumvire ya super super.Impamvu nuko ibikoresho bya fibre ya karubone bikozwe muri fibre igizwe nibintu byinshi bya karubone, bidashobora gutuma umubiri woroha gusa, ahubwo binashimangira imbaraga zumubiri.Imodoka ikoresha fibre karubone ipima kimwe cya gatanu gusa nkimodoka zisanzwe zicyuma ariko zirenze inshuro 10.Niyo mpamvu super super n'imodoka ikora fibre karubone.
Ikirahure
Ibikoresho bya Crystal byujuje ubuziranenge hafi imyaka ibiri ikoreshwa imbere mumodoka imbere, mugihe cyumuyaga mwinshi, imbere yimodoka yimbere imbere, ibintu byoroheje byoroheje biha umuntu guhuza ibyiyumvo byuzuye, byisanzuye kandi byiza, kubakoresha, cyane cyane abaguzi, bafite igikundiro kinini.Ihagarikwa rya kirisiti ya BMW X5 nshya irasobanutse neza, irabagirana cyane ku zuba kandi ihinduka ikintu kinini mu modoka.Muri icyo gihe, gukoresha ibikoresho bya kirisiti, ariko kandi byongera cyane ibinyabiziga kumva neza no kwinezeza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-13-2021